等离子体处理的时效性对芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料耐湿热性能的影响

目的考察等离子体处理前后及其时效性对芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料弯曲强度、界面性能及耐湿热性能的影响。方法用低温射频耦合等离子体处理芳纶纤维表面,分别将未处理的、等离子体刚处理过的和等离子体处理后在空气中放置三天后的纤维通过溶液预浸渍工艺制备芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料预浸料,再经过高温模压成形技术制备芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料单向板。采用万能材料试验机对水煮前后复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度进行测试,利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料层间剪切破坏形貌进行观察。结果等离子体处理后,复合材料的吸水率由未处理时的0.51%下降到0.33%,复合材料层间剪切强度由49.4 MPa提高到62.9 MPa。等离子体处理时效后复合材料的吸水率增加到0.69%,复合材料的层间剪切强度下降到56.0 MPa。结论等离子体处理提高了复合材料界面性能,但等离子体处理的时效后,复合材料的界面性能及其耐湿热性能有所下降。等离子体处理及时效性对复合材料的弯曲强度和耐湿热性能变化不大。     

吉林省秸秆打包减排及综合利用分析研究

为量化秸秆打包政策对防控大气污染的影响,基于吉林省2016年秸秆产量、秸秆打包地亩数、卫星火点数据以及大气污染物浓度的变化,对吉林省秸秆打包产生的大气环境及社会经济效益进行了分析,结果表明:1)吉林省打包秸秆量为220.36×10~4t,约占秸秆年产量的5.5%,假如全部加工成生物质颗粒燃料,2016年至少减少14.54×10~4t污染物排放;2)吉林省秸秆打包政策执行以来,秸秆露天燃烧量及秸秆燃烧主要月份的卫星火点数显著下降;3)随着露天燃烧量的减少,区域大气颗粒物浓度降低,空气质量改善。秸秆燃烧主要月份的PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度从2014年的104.5μg·m~(-3)、164μg·m~(-3)分别下降到2016年的48.5μg·m~(-3)、69·μg·m~(-3)。研究结果可为吉林省有效减少污染物排放、综合利用农作物秸秆、改善大气环境质量等提供科技支撑。     

好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附类型的研究

为探索好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的去除机制,进行好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附性能及吸附类型研究,在实验室条件下,采用动态吸附方式,利用SBAR反应器分析好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的去除情况。结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥存在初期吸附作用,最佳吸附时间为30~45 min,COD去处率60%;通过对失活前后好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附性能测定以及红外光谱分析,探究好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附类型,表明好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附是一个包含生物吸附和化学吸附的复杂过程。     

阳极溶出伏安法、石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中总铬的方法比较研究

铬是海洋水体中的痕量重金属之一,海水的高盐基体对铬的测定有严重的干扰,而且海水中同时存在Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),两种不同价态给测定也带来了一定难度。文章从Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化率、方法检出限、精密度、实际样品加标等方面对过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法与传统的MIBK萃取-无火焰原子吸收分光光度法进行了比较研究,发现两种方法在测试结果上无显著差异,但是过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法具有更高的精密度,更低的检出限,且对Cr(Ⅲ)的回收率略有提升。     

关于高校绿色教育环境下中华传统体育文化探讨

针对高校绿色教育环境下中华传统体育文化的探讨问题,给出了高校绿色教育的基本理论,包括高校绿色教育的概念,高校绿色教育的特点,包括高校绿色教育的生命性、高校绿色教育的生活性、高校绿色教育的人文性和高校绿色教育的内容与实践,探讨了高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的发展,包括高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的价值、高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的发展,最后,对高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的互动进行了说明。     

Population structure and sex-change in the coral-inhabiting snailCoralliophila violacea at Hsiao-Liuchiu,Taiwan

Surveys of the coral-inhabiting snailCoralliophila violacea (Lamarck) (=C. neritoidea Kiener) were made on shallow fringing reefs (<8 m deep) around Hsiao-Liuchiu, Taiwan, between July and October 1990. The snails were aggregated into patches on the surface of massive poritid coral colonies. Coral colonies >40 cm in diameter were more likely to bear patches of snails than smaller colonies, and also to have more snails. The coralliophilids ranged from 5 to 30 mm in aperture length. The sex ratio of the population was biased toward males (539:279), with only a few small individuals of indistinguishable sex. Snails between 6 and 10 mm were all males, while most snails with aperture lengths 20 mm were females. Judging from the distinct size ranges of males and females within patches and from the observed degeneration of the penis, the snails may have changed sex from male to female with increasing size. Sex-change may occur across a wide size range (10 to 20 mm). The correlation of smallest female size and largest male size among patches indicates that snail size at sex-change is peculiar to each individual patch. Those females in patches with a single female (but many males) were significantly smaller than females in multiple-female patches. It is likely that in the absence of females males change sex at a smaller size, whereas in the presence of large females males delay sexchange until they have reached a larger size. The plasticity of size at sex-change may be adaptive and a result of natural selection at the individual level.     

高密度电法在原位修复土壤过程中的监控研究

采用高密度电阻率成像法（ERT）对上海市某有机污染场地土壤污染原地修复进行研究，通过持续监测药剂注入前后电阻率的改变来推断药剂和污染物的扩散路径。结果表明，药剂扩散的影响半径介于2 m～4 m之间；其影响深度根据注药点和土壤渗透性差异而有所不同，在16 m处注药的影响深度大于监测深度20 m，ERT技术在监控原位注入修复过程中具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

锅炉环境影响评价系统软件研究

用Ｃ语言作为开发语言，研制开发了锅炉环境影响评价系统软件，软件充分利用Ｃ语言模块化，过程化的优点，源程序由１２个模块组成。经编译连接生成一个可执行程序，用户只需输入１５个必需的原始参数，软件即可自动查询，计算大量的中间参数，并立即给出污染源强及污染物在周围环境中分布的预测和评价结果。     

Suggested protocol for collecting, handling and preparing peat cores and peat samples for physical, chemical, mineralogical and isotopic analyses

For detailed reconstructions of atmospheric metal deposition using peat cores from bogs, a comprehensive protocol for working with peat cores is proposed. The first step is to locate and determine suitable sampling sites in accordance with the principal goal of the study, the period of time of interest and the precision required. Using the state of the art procedures and field equipment, peat cores are collected in such a way as to provide high quality records for paleoenvironmental study. Pertinent field observations gathered during the fieldwork are recorded in a field report. Cores are kept frozen at -18 degree C until they can be prepared in the laboratory. Frozen peat cores are precisely cut into 1 cm slices using a stainless steel band saw with stainless steel blades. The outside edges of each slice are removed using a titanium knife to avoid any possible contamination which might have occurred during the sampling and handling stage. Each slice is split, with one-half kept frozen for future studies (archived), and the other half further subdivided for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. Physical parameters such as ash and water contents, the bulk density and the degree of decomposition of the peat are determined using established methods. A subsample is dried overnight at 105 degree C in a drying oven and milled in a centrifugal mill with titanium sieve. Prior to any expensive and time consuming chemical procedures and analyses, the resulting powdered samples, after manual homogenisation, are measured for more than twenty-two major and trace elements using non-destructive X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. This approach provides lots of valuable geochemical data which documents the natural geochemical processes which occur in the peat profiles and their possible effect on the trace metal profiles. The development, evaluation and use of peat cores from bogs as archives of high-resolution records of atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and trace elements have led to the development of many analytical procedures which now permit the measurement of a wide range of elements in peat samples such as lead and lead isotope ratios, mercury, arsenic, antimony, silver, molybdenum, thorium, uranium, rare earth elements. Radiometric methods (the carbon bomb pulse of (14)C, (210)Pb and conventional (14)C dating) are combined to allow reliable age-depth models to be reconstructed for each peat profile.     

对室内装饰装修材料检测中甲醛分析方法的研究

目前室内装饰装修材料中甲醛含量的检测有六个类别,分析方法不统一,且没有一定的质量控制措施.文章对分析方法进行了改进,并且研究用水中的甲醛标样来对检测过程进行质量控制,结果较好.